2026 年新版托福写作考试的备考策略与学习方法

By Last Updated: 22 1 月, 2026Categories: BlogTags: , , ,

新版托福写作考试形式

自 2026 年 1 月 21 日 起,TOEFL 将迎来一次重大改革。虽然过去考试形式也曾多次调整,但这次更新是迄今为止影响范围最大的一次。写作部分同样发生了显著变化。

在新版考试中,写作部分由以下 三个题型 构成:

  • Build a Sentence
  • Write an Email
  • Write for an Academic Discussion

最后一个任务 Write for an Academic Discussion,在提问形式上与传统托福写作题较为相似。不过,前两个任务则采用了全新的题型设计,需要考生使用与以往不同的应对方式。

由于写作部分的变化幅度较大,备考时有必要针对每一种题型采取相应的学习策略。好消息是,只要准备得当,这三种写作题型整体来看,比其他部分的题目更容易掌握。

在接下来的章节中,我们将说明为什么写作部分相对更容易应对,并具体介绍针对每一种题型的有效备考方法。

下面将简要概述传统托福写作与新版托福写作之间的主要差异。`

项目传统托福写作新版托福写作(2026 年起)
整体结构两个任务构成三个任务构成
题型设置Integrated Writing + Academic DiscussionBuild a Sentence + Write an Email + Write for an Academic Discussion
考试时间30 分钟最长约 23 分钟

Part 1: Build a Sentence

Part 1 的难度在很大程度上取决于考生的语法基础。在新版托福写作形式推出之前,考试并不会直接考查考生对语法的掌握情况。虽然考生需要写出语法上正确的文章,但并不要求对语法规则本身有明确、系统的理解。

然而,在 Part 1 中,考生需要将给定的一组单词按照正确的语法顺序重新排列,因此,熟悉并掌握基本的语法结构就变得尤为重要。

下面是一道你可能会在 Build a Sentence 这一部分中遇到的题目示例。

Move the words to create grammatical sentences.
---
Prompt: The project would have been canceled without the grant.

Had it not been for .

---
they / last-minute / funding / secured / the
---

题目解析

这道题主要考查你对以下 三个语法要点 的理解:

  • 过去完成时结构 “If it had not been for” 的用法
  • 介词 for 后面可以接什么成分
  • 关系从句(定语从句)的基本结构

首先,表达 “Had it not been for” 是 “If it had not been for” 的倒装形式。这一结构用于描述一种假设性的情况,表示如果没有某个条件,某件事情就不可能发生或完成。

这种倒装并不会改变句子的原意,只是使表达显得更加正式,在学术写作或正式语境中较为常见。

接下来,“for” 在这里作为介词使用,因此后面必须接名词或动名词。在给出的选项中,“funding” 是唯一能够在语法和意义上合理补全句子的选择。它本身是一个名词,并且可以被形容词短语 “the last-minute” 修饰,从而构成 “Had it not been for the last-minute funding”。

剩下的成分是 “they” 和 “secured”。由于 “secured they” 在语法上不成立,正确的顺序应为 “they secured”。这一部分用于修饰 “the last-minute funding”,因此在功能上相当于一个关系从句。由此可以判断,在 funding 之后省略了关系代词 “that”。

将以上各部分组合起来,完整的句子结构如下:

Had it not been for the last-minute funding (that) they secured.

在 Part 1 中,许多较难的语法题都是刻意设计成无法仅凭语感稳定答对的。对于以前接触过、比较熟悉的句型,语感确实可以发挥作用;但一旦遇到陌生的句子结构,语感的可靠性就会明显下降。

正因如此,广泛而准确的语法知识在这一部分中起着至关重要的作用。即使你从未见过某一种具体的句型,只要对语法结构有扎实的理解,仍然能够推导并构建出语法上正确的句子

为什么单纯的反复刷题并不有效

那么,TOEFL 写作 Part 1 的题目到底应该如何准备呢?

首先,最重要的是明确自己的语法强项和薄弱点,并据此制定学习计划。因此,在选择 Part 1 的学习资料时,应优先使用同时提供练习题和清晰、可靠语法讲解的教材。

如果学习材料几乎不解释语法,只让考生不断做题,那么在答题时就只能依赖语感。这样一来,即使进行了大量重复练习,也很难带来稳定、持续的提升,成绩往往停留在原地。

认识并重视自己的语法弱点

对于你已经掌握得比较扎实的语法点,并不需要投入大量时间反复复习。通常来说,如果某一语法知识点真的已经内化,在正式考试中出错的可能性也很低。

相反,你的学习时间应当集中用于自己感到吃力、容易出错的语法领域。有针对性地强化这些薄弱点,才是提高正确率和整体表现的最有效方式。

Part 2: Write an Email

在这一部分中,考生需要根据给定的具体情境撰写一封电子邮件。例如,你可能需要就一周前同事举办的研讨会,向对方发送一封反馈邮件。

这类题目通常遵循较为固定的写作格式。下面展示的是这种题型的基本形式示例。

You will read some information and use the information to write an email. You will have 7 minutes to write the email.


Your coworker, Lisa, organized a remote training session for your department last week. The session was meant to introduce a new project management tool. However, several team members experienced technical problems during the session, and the content was more basic than expected.

You need to inform Lisa about the situation and suggest how future training sessions could be improved.

Write an email to Lisa. In your email, do the following:

  • Explain the problems that occurred during the training session.
  • Describe how the team felt about the session overall.
  • Suggest specific improvements for future training sessions.

Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.

Your Response:
To: Lisa
Subject: Feedback on the Recent Training Session

参考范文


To: Lisa
Subject: Feedback on the Recent Training Session

Hi Lisa,

Thank you for organizing last week’s training session. I wanted to share some feedback from the team. Several members had trouble accessing the platform at the beginning, which caused delays, and some felt the content was more introductory than expected. As a result, a few people were disappointed that the session was not as useful as they had initially thought.

For future sessions, it might help to test the system in advance and adjust the content level to better match the team’s expectations. It would be useful if you conduct a survey before the meeting. Allowing more time for questions could also be beneficial.

Best regards,
Joe

虽然官方尚未公布具体的评分标准,但以下几个方面很可能会作为写作评分时的参考要素:

  • 是否使用了恰当的电子邮件格式
  • 语气和正式程度是否符合与收件人之间的关系
  • 词汇与语法的准确性
  • 文章整体的结构与表达清晰度

在这些评价要素中,正确运用电子邮件格式,往往是许多考生感到困难的一点,尤其是平时不太习惯撰写正式邮件的考生。

例如,当收件人并非某一位具体个人,而是某个部门或机构时,使用正式且中性的开头是合适的。在这种情况下,以 “To whom it may concern” 作为邮件开头是可以接受的。

另外,如果你至少知道负责的部门或团队,使用更具体的称呼会更好,例如 “Dear Customer Support Team,”。这两种表达都正式且礼貌,适用于考试情境中的正式邮件写作。

理解并掌握这些电子邮件特有的写作惯例,对于在这一部分取得良好表现至关重要。

根据常见情境准备邮件模板

由于这项任务只有 7 分钟的作答时间,在考试中临时思考邮件结构和具体表达方式,风险相对较高。相比之下,事先准备几套可靠的邮件模板,会更加高效、安全。

好在,写作 Part 2 中出现的情境范围相当有限。你并不需要记住几十种模板,大多数题目都可以归类为少数几种常见场景,例如:

  • 向同事反馈之前举办的活动,并提出改进建议
  • 向同事或同级人员说明即将举行的活动相关事宜
  • 撰写一封正式邮件,询问某个具体问题

虽然每道题在细节上会有所不同,但整体情境结构通常都很简单。请记住,你只有 7 分钟完成这项写作任务,因此题目设计本身更偏向清晰、直接,而不是复杂或刁钻。

示例:就具体问题进行询问

我的建议是,针对上述三种常见情境,分别准备一套邮件模板结构,并尤其重视邮件的整体组织方式。

例如,假设你需要因为在线预订后未收到确认邮件,而向酒店发送一封询问邮件。如果你事先已经准备好类似下面这样的模板结构,那么在考试中撰写邮件所需的时间就可以大幅缩短。

对于询问类邮件来说,清晰而有效的结构通常遵循以下顺序:

  1. 简要说明写信目的和背景
  2. 清楚描述遇到的问题
  3. 礼貌地请求对方提供帮助或解决方案

To: XX
Subject: OO

To whom it may concern,

My name is Joe Smith, and I recently booked a room for January 21 through your online reservation system. According to the system, a confirmation email should be sent within six hours. However, I have not yet received any confirmation. Could you please check whether my reservation has been successfully processed?

(continues based on a prompt)…

Best regards,
Joe

文中划线的部分在很大程度上属于模板化内容。只要符合题目给定的情境,这些表达在正式考试中是可以直接复用的。

Part 3: Write for an Academic Discussion

这一任务与传统托福写作题非常相似。在这一部分中,考生需要围绕教授提出的问题撰写回应,作为一场学术讨论中的发言。

下面展示的是 TOEFL 中使用的学术讨论题型示例格式

A professor has posted a question about a topic, and students have responded with their thoughts and ideas.
Make a contribution to the discussion.

You will have 10 minutes to write.

Your professor is teaching a class on environmental science.
Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

In your response, you should do the following:

  • Express and support your opinion.
  • Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Professor

Today we will discuss the most effective ways to reduce plastic waste. Many people argue that individual actions, such as recycling and reducing personal plastic use, are the key to solving this problem. Others believe that large-scale government regulations and corporate responsibility play a more significant role.
Which approach do you think is more effective in reducing plastic waste? Why?


Student 1

I think individual actions are extremely important when it comes to reducing plastic waste. When people consciously choose reusable bags, bottles, and containers, the overall demand for plastic decreases. These daily habits also raise awareness and encourage others to change their behavior.


Student 2

In my opinion, government regulations and corporate responsibility have a greater impact. Large companies produce massive amounts of plastic, so policy changes and stricter regulations can reduce waste on a much larger scale than individual efforts alone.

参考范文

I believe that government regulations and corporate responsibility play a larger role in reducing plastic waste. While individual actions such as recycling are helpful, they often depend on personal motivation and available options. In many cases, consumers cannot avoid plastic because products are packaged that way.

Government policies, however, can directly limit the use of single-use plastics and require companies to adopt more sustainable materials. When regulations change, companies are forced to adjust their production methods, which reduces plastic waste at its source. This approach has a broader and more consistent impact than individual efforts alone, making it more effective overall.

在这一部分中,你同样只有 10 分钟完成写作任务。因此,提前准备清晰、稳定的模板结构,是取得好成绩的关键。

学术讨论题的三种常见模式

在大多数情况下,学术讨论中教授提出的问题,通常可以归为以下三种类型:

  • 同意或不同意(Agree or disagree)
  • 二选一问题(Which do you prefer: A or B?)
  • 开放式问题(Open-ended questions)

在这三种类型中,第三种相对较少出现在考试中。根据 2025 年近期几次 TOEFL 考试的情况来看,这类题目只偶尔出现。因此,将备考重点放在前两种题型上,会是更加高效、也更符合时间投入回报的策略。

重视模板结构与实用表达

再次强调,由于考试中用于构思和组织回答的时间非常有限,提前准备好清晰的模板结构以及实用、容易得高分的表达方式是必不可少的。

例如,在 “同意或不同意” 或 “A 与 B 二选一” 这类题型中,你可以用 “although” 这样的转折连词来开启回答。以转折连词开头,可以在一开始就呈现较为平衡的视角,同时明确表达自己的立场,有助于让论点显得更成熟、更有条理。

Although many people believe that using paper straws in fast-food restaurants helps reduce CO₂ emissions, the overall impact on the environment is likely to be limited.

在开头句中采用这种结构之所以有效,是因为它能够清楚地凸显你的核心观点,同时也很好地契合了 TOEFL 写作所采用的官方评分标准。

不必回应其他学生的观点

最后,有一个关于学术讨论题的重要点需要明确。许多考生以为必须对其他学生提出的观点作出回应,但事实上,这并非总是必要的。

这一点并不是个人经验之谈。在 ETS 官方发布的学术讨论任务示例视频中,一篇获得满分(5 分)的回答,只专注于作者自己的观点,并未明确提及或评论其他学生的意见。

这表明,只要你能够在约 100 词左右的篇幅中,清楚地展开并支持自己的立场,就不必强行融入他人的观点。

这一点对于那些擅长表达自身想法,但在有限字数内整合多种观点时感到吃力的考生来说,尤其有帮助。

Hi, I completed a Master’s program at Purdue University, where I specialized in test design and assessment effectiveness. My academic focus was English-language standardized tests, including the TOEFL, IELTS, ACT, SAT, and GRE. I began writing these articles because, when I was preparing for the SAT and GRE myself, I found few resources that explained the tests in a systematic and practical way. My goal is to create materials in which solving questions naturally builds the background knowledge needed for the exams, helping learners manage both content and strategy more effectively.
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